This review starts with a general introduction to the fundamental properties of Ni-rich cathode materials, chemically and electrochemically. Such detrimental issues severely hinder the large-scale commercialization of the Ni-rich-based LIBs as next-generation batteries. However, both anode materials suffer from serious problems, such as solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) formation, dendrite growth, etc. Coupled with a Ni-rich cathode, it will significantly boost the battery capacity. Li-metal is considered an ideal anode material because of its lowest negative electrochemical electrode potential. It is commonly employed together with Ni-rich cathode in modern batteries. Graphite is the commercially most successful anode material in the market. Apart from cathode materials, the degradations occurring in the battery anode and electrolyte should also be considered from a full-cell perspective. However, all Ni-rich cathodes undergo similar electronic and structural changes. The degree of degradation depends on the particular elemental composition in the cathode material.

It was confirmed that the crystal structure of the Ni-rich cathode materials is prone to irreversibly transform during the (de)lithiation process, resulting in rapid performance fading. The superiority of Ni-rich cathodes in storage capacity also brings the tradeoff with electrochemical stability. Two major advantages of Ni-rich cathodes are their high specific energy capacity (200–250 mAh g −1) and the relatively high operating voltage (≈4.3 V vs Li +/Li), which are more promising in many applications compared to the other cathode materials, such as LiCoO 2, LiFePO 4, Li 2MnO 4, etc. To increase the energy density, layered transition metal oxides with higher Ni-content have been developed, denoted as Ni-rich cathodes. However, NCM111-based LIBs cannot fulfill the growing demand for higher specific energy, envisioned to approach 350 Wh kg −1 at a cell level by 2025. In 2012, all early EV models used batteries based on LiNi 1/3Co 1/3Mn 1/3O 2 (NCM111) cathode materials. Ni-based layered transition metal (TM) oxides have managed to amass a dominant position in chosen cathode materials during the last decade. Stimulated by the constant technological innovations, government subsidies, and the thriving markets of, for example, consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), LIBs have made considerable progress. The concept of Anode is the same as it can act positive or negative both, but nature will depend upon the type of cell.Motivated by the necessity of reducing CO 2 emission and urgent transition from fossil fuels to sustainable clean energy sources, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have received much academic and industrial attention since their commercialization by Sony in 1991. In a discharging battery, it acts as positive whereas it acts negatively in another cell. A cathode is not positive or negative always. This Greek word means “way down” in which current flowing from positive to negative leaves a device in which anode lets the current passes in. The cathode was derived from the Greek word- “kathodos”. Since the electrons were discovered, a cathode is defined as negative, and an anode is defined as positive. Why are Cathode Negative and Anode Positive? Read More:- Difference between Galvanic Cells and Electrolytic Cells The electron would leave remain with an electron accumulation.Electrons would be reduced in the oxidized species.In Anode, there is oxidation response due to the following reasons:

Electrons would be produced in the species of decreased ones.

In Cathode, there is a reduction response due to the following reasons: It is an electrode where the electric current moves out. It is an electrode where the electric current moves into.

Cathode anode diagram